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The five major components of the pressure vessel shell outside the cylinder body

Classification: Industry Information

Time2024-07-30

According to different geometric shapes, the heads can be divided into several types: spherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, dome-shaped, conical shell, and flat cover. Among them, spherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, and dome-shaped heads are collectively referred to as convex heads. When the container is assembled and does not need to be opened (generally when there are no internal components or if there are internal components that do not need to be replaced or maintained), the head can be directly welded to the body, effectively ensuring sealing, saving materials, and reducing the workload of processing and manufacturing. For containers that need to be opened multiple times due to maintenance or replacement of internal components, the connection between the head and the body should be detachable, and at this time, there must be a sealing device between the head and the body.

(1) End Cap

       According to different geometric shapes, end caps can be divided into several types: spherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, dome-shaped, conical shell, and flat cover. Among these, spherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, and dome-shaped end caps are collectively referred to as convex end caps. When the container is assembled and does not need to be opened (generally when there are no internal components or when internal components do not need to be replaced or maintained), the end cap can be directly welded to the cylinder body, effectively ensuring sealing, saving materials, and reducing processing and manufacturing workload. For containers that need to be opened multiple times due to maintenance or replacement of internal components, the connection between the end cap and the cylinder body should be detachable, and a sealing device must be present between the end cap and the cylinder body.

(2) Sealing Device

       Pressure VesselPressure vessels require many sealing devices, such as detachable connections between the end cap and the cylinder body, detachable connections between the container's connecting pipe and external pipelines, as well as connections for manholes and handhole covers. The normal and safe operation of pressure vessels largely depends on the reliability of the sealing devices. Bolt flange connections (referred to as flange connections) are the most widely used sealing devices. Their function is to connect through bolts and ensure sealing by tightening the bolts to compress the sealing elements. Flanges are classified into container flanges and pipeline flanges based on the components they connect. The flanges used between the container end cap (or top cover) and the cylinder body, as well as between two cylinder bodies, are called container flanges; flanges used for pipeline connections are called pipeline flanges. In high-pressure vessels, the container flange used for connecting the top cover and the cylinder body, which is welded to the cylinder body, is also known as the cylinder end.

(3) Openings and Connecting Pipes

       Due to process requirements and maintenance needs, various sizes of holes are often made on the cylinder body or end cap of pressure vessels, or connecting pipes are installed, such as manholes, handholes, sight glass holes, material inlet and outlet connecting pipes, as well as openings for installing pressure gauges, level gauges, safety valves, temperature measuring instruments, etc. Handholes and manholes are used for inspecting, assembling, disassembling, and cleaning the interior of the container. The inner diameter of the handhole should allow the operator's hand to pass through freely. Therefore, the diameter of the handhole should generally not be less than 150mm. Considering that the length of a person's arm is about 650-700mm, containers with a diameter greater than 1000mm should not have handholes but should instead have manholes.

       Common shapes of manholes are circular and elliptical. To allow operators to enter and exit freely, the diameter of a circular manhole should be at least 400mm, while the dimensions of an elliptical manhole are generally 350mm × 450mm. After openings are made on the cylinder body or end cap, the strength of the opening area is weakened, and the stress in that area increases. The degree of this weakening increases with the diameter of the opening, so the number of openings on the container should be minimized, especially avoiding large openings. For existing openings on the container, reinforcement design should also be carried out to ensure the required strength.

(4) Supports

       Pressure vessels are supported and fixed on the foundation by supports. The supports for cylindrical and spherical containers are different. Depending on the installation position, cylindrical container supports are divided into two categories: vertical container supports and horizontal container supports. Among them, vertical container supports can be further classified into leg supports, bearing supports, ear supports, and skirt supports; while spherical containers mostly use column or skirt supports.

(5) Safety Accessories

       Due to the usage characteristics of pressure vessels and the chemical process characteristics of the internal medium, it is often necessary to set up some safety devices and measurement and control instruments on the container to monitor the parameters of the working medium, ensuring the safe use of pressure vessels and the normal progress of the process. The main safety accessories for pressure vessels include safety valves, rupture disc devices, emergency shut-off valves, safety interlock devices, pressure gauges, level gauges, temperature measuring instruments, etc.

Keyword： The five major components of the pressure vessel shell outside the cylinder body

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