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Types of safety accessories and inspection cycles for pressure vessel manufacturers

Classification: Industry Information

Time2024-09-06

What are the safety accessories for pressure vessels?

1. What are the safety accessories for pressure vessels?

       Due topressure vesselsthe usage characteristics of pressure vessels and the chemical process characteristics of the internal medium, it is often necessary to set up some safety devices and measurement and control instruments on the vessel to monitor the parameters of the working medium, in order to ensure the safe use of pressure vessels and the normal progress of the process. Safety accessories are safety devices installed on the equipment to ensure the safe operation of pressure vessels. This includes safety valves, rupture disc devices, emergency shut-off devices, pressure gauges, level gauges, temperature measuring instruments, fusible plugs, etc.

1. The safety accessories for pressure vessels can be divided into the following four types based on their performance or purpose:

       (1) Pressure relief devices: Devices that can automatically release pressure when the pressure vessel is over-pressurized. For example: safety valves, rupture discs, and fusible plugs.

       (2) Measuring devices: Instruments that can automatically display process parameters related to safety during the operation of the vessel. For example: pressure gauges, thermometers, level gauges, etc.

       (3) Alarm devices: Instruments that can automatically emit sound or other obvious alarm signals when unsafe factors occur during the operation of the vessel, putting it in a dangerous state. For example: pressure alarms, temperature detectors.

       (4) Interlocking devices: Control mechanisms set up to prevent operational errors. For example: interlocking switches, linked valves, etc.

2. Among the safety accessories for pressure vessels, the most commonly used and critical are safety relief devices, pressure gauges, etc.

       (1) Safety valve: Its characteristic is that it remains tightly sealed and leak-proof under normal working pressure of the pressure vessel. Once the internal pressure exceeds the specified limit, it can automatically and quickly discharge the medium inside the vessel, keeping the pressure within the maximum allowable range. Safety valves can be divided into spring-type safety valves, lever-type safety valves, and pulse-type safety valves. Generally, safety valves should be installed on the vessel body, and liquefied gas should be installed in the gas phase area, while considering the safety of discharge.

       (2) Rupture disc: Also known as a burst membrane, it is a type of rupture-type safety device with good sealing performance and fast pressure relief response. It is generally used on high-pressure, non-toxic gas cylinders, such as air and nitrogen. The pressure of the rupture disc on the cylinder is generally set to be greater than the filling pressure of the cylinder and less than the maximum design pressure of the cylinder.

       (3) Fusible plug: It utilizes a low-melting-point alloy inside the device that melts at a higher temperature, opening a passage for gas to escape from the original filling of the fusible alloy. Its characteristics include simple structure, easy replacement, and action pressure that is easier to control based on the melting temperature. It is generally used in containers where gas pressure is not high and is completely determined by temperature. For example, the melting temperature of the fusible plug on low-pressure liquefied gas chlorine gas cylinders is 65°C.

       Comparing these three types of safety devices, the safety valve can close itself after discharging excessive pressure, allowing the vessel and device to continue to be used, while the rupture disc and fusible plug cannot be reused after discharging excessive pressure, and the vessel and device must stop operation. When selecting safety valves and fusible plugs, the safety discharge volume should be considered, and for rupture discs, the calculation of discharge area and thickness should be taken into account.

       (4) Pressure gauge: An instrument used to measure the pressure of the medium on the pressure vessel. Types can be divided into: spring-type pressure gauges, suitable for general media pressure vessels; diaphragm pressure gauges, suitable for corrosive media pressure vessels.

2. Inspection cycle for safety accessories of pressure vessels

       According to the Ministry of Labor's "Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Pressure Vessels" in our country, a regular inspection system is implemented for safety accessories of pressure vessels. Safety valves are generally calibrated at least once a year. Pressure gauges are generally calibrated at least once every six months, with Class A pressure gauges being calibrated once every six months, mandatory calibration. Class B and C pressure gauges are generally calibrated once per maintenance cycle. Rupture discs are calibrated at least once a year. Level gauges are subject to a regular maintenance system; pressure vessels that need to control wall temperature must be equipped with temperature measuring instruments or thermometers, and should be calibrated regularly.

Keyword： Types of safety accessories and inspection cycles for pressure vessel manufacturers

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