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Composition of the cylinder body in pressure vessel manufacturing

Classification: Industry Information

Time2024-07-24

The function of the cylinder is to provide the pressure space required for the process, and it is one of the main pressure-bearing components of pressure vessels. Its inner diameter and volume often need to be determined by process calculations. Cylindrical bodies (i.e., cylinders) and spherical bodies are the most commonly used cylinder structures in engineering.

       The function of the cylinder is to provide the pressure space required for the process.Pressure vesselIt is one of the main pressure components, and its inner diameter and volume often need to be determined by process calculations. Cylindrical (i.e., cylindrical) and spherical bodies are the most commonly used cylindrical structures in engineering.

       When the diameter of the cylinder is small (generally less than 1000mm), the cylinder can be made of seamless steel pipes, and there are no longitudinal welds on the cylinder; when the diameter is larger, steel plates can be rolled into a cylinder on a plate rolling machine or pressed into two half-cylinders on a hydraulic press, which are then welded together to form a complete cylinder. Since the direction of the weld is parallel to the longitudinal (i.e., axial) direction of the cylinder, it is called a longitudinal weld, abbreviated as longitudinal weld.

       If the diameter of the vessel is not very large, there is generally only one longitudinal weld; as the diameter of the vessel increases, due to the size limitations of the steel plate, there may be two or more longitudinal welds. In addition, shorter vessels can be directly connected to end caps at both ends of a cylinder, forming a closed pressure space, thus creating a pressure vessel shell.

       However, when the vessel is longer, due to the size limitations of the steel plate, it is necessary to first roll and weld several sections of the cylinder (a certain section of the cylinder is called a cylinder segment), and then weld two or more cylinder segments together to form the required length of the cylinder. The connecting welds between cylinder segments and between the cylinder and end caps are called circumferential welds, abbreviated as circumferential welds, because their direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder.

Cylinders can be divided into two main categories based on their structure: single-layer and composite.

       The wall of a single-layer cylinder is made of a single material in the thickness direction, meaning the wall has only one layer (the anti-corrosion layer applied to prevent internal medium corrosion is not included). Single-layer cylinders can be further divided into single-layer rolled and welded, integral forged, forged and welded, and non-welded bottle types based on the manufacturing method.

Among them, the single-layer rolled and welded structure is currently the most manufactured and used type of cylinder. It uses steel plates rolled into a cylinder on a large plate rolling machine, which becomes a cylinder segment after welding the longitudinal weld, and then is assembled and welded with end caps or end flanges to form a vessel.

       The integral forged structure is the earliest adopted form of the cylinder, where the cylinder and flange can be forged as a whole or connected with threads, and the entire cylinder body has no welds. After the development of welding technology, segmented forging appeared, which is then welded together to form an integral forged and welded cylinder.

       The non-welded bottle-type cylinder mainly has two manufacturing methods: one is made from high-quality seamless steel pipes that are hot-rolled and closed at both ends; the other is made from steel ingots that are stamped and then hot-rolled to close. Generally, integral forged and forged and welded cylinders are mainly used in high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure vessels, while non-welded bottle-type cylinders are often used to manufacture non-welded large-volume bottle-type pressure vessels.

       The material of the integral forged cylinder has a dense metallographic structure and high strength, thus having better quality, especially suitable for ultra-high-pressure vessels made of high-strength steel with poor welding performance. However, it requires very large smelting, forging, and machining equipment during manufacturing, consumes a lot of materials, has low steel utilization (only 26%~29%), and requires a large amount of machining, so it is generally only used for small ultra-high-pressure vessels with an inner diameter of ϕ300~800mm and a length not exceeding 12m, such as polyethylenereactors, artificial crystal reactors, etc. The composite cylinder has a wall thickness made of two or more discontinuous materials. Composite cylinders can be further divided into multilayer and winding types based on their structure and manufacturing method.

Keyword： Composition of the cylinder body in pressure vessel manufacturing

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